Allison, T. D. 1990. Pollen production and plant density affect pollination and seed production in Taxus canadensis. Ecology 71(2):516-522.    [1004  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Allison, T. D. 1990. The influence of deer browsing on the reproductive biology of Canada yew (Taxus canadensis marsh.) I. Direct effect on pollen, ovule, and seed production. Oecologia 83:523-529.    [1005  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Allison, T. D. 1990. The influence of deer browsing on the reproductive biology of Canada yew (Taxus canadensis marsh.) II. Pollen limitation: an indirect effect. Oecologia 83:530-534.    [1006  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Clark, J. S. 1990. Landscape interactions among nitrogen mineralization, species composition, and long-term fire frequency. Biogeochemistry 11:1-22.    [1022  Abstract  Full Text  E133  LTER]

Clemmons, J.; Howitz, J. L. 1990. Development of early vocalizations and the chick-a-dee call in the black-capped chickadee, Parus atricapillus. Ethology 86:203-223.    [1268  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Cook, B. D. 1990. Dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen fractions in soils of an old field successional sequence: relation to decomposition and net-N mineralization during aerobic incubation. M.S. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1024  LTER]

Figala, J.; Tester, J. R. 1990. Chronobiology and agroecosystems. Pages 793-807 in D. K. Hayes, J. E. Pauly and R. J. Reiter, eds., Chronobiology: Its Role in Clinical Medicine, General Biology, and Agriculture. Part B. Wiley-Liss, Inc.    [1047  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Gleeson, S. K.; Tilman, D. 1990. Allocation and the transient dynamics of competition during succession on poor soils. Ecology 71(3):1144-1155.    [1050  Abstract  Full Text  E014  LTER]

Grace, J.; Tilman, D. 1990. Perspectives on plant competition: some introductory remarks. Pages 2-7 in J. Grace and D. Tilman, Eds., Perspectives on Plant Competition, Academic Press, New York.    [1058  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Grace, J.; Tilman, D.; (Editors). 1990. Perspectives on Plant Competition. Academic Press, Inc., New York, 484 pp.   [1057  LTER]

McKane, R. B.; Grigal, D. F.; Russelle, M. P. 1990. Spatiotemporal differences in 15N uptake and the organization of an old-field plant community. Ecology 71(3):1126-1132.    [1102  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Reichman, O. J.; Smith, S. C. 1990. Burrows and burrowing behavior by mammals. Pages 197-244 in Genoways, H. H., editor, Current Mammalogy. Plenum Press, New York and London.    [1473  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Strauss, S. Y. 1990. The role of plant genotype, environment and gender in resistance to a specialist chrysomelid herbivore. Oecologia 84:111-116.    [1146  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tester, J. R.; Figala, J. 1990. Effects of biological and environmental factors on activity rhythms of wild animals. Pages 809-819 in D. K. Hayes, J. E. Pauly and R. J. Reiter, Eds. Chronobiology: Its Role in Clinical Medicine, General Biology, and Agriculture. Part B. Wiley-Liss, Inc.    [1155  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1990. Constraints and tradeoffs: toward a predictive theory of competition and succession. Oikos 58:3-15. (The Per Brink Ecology Lecture).    [1173  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1990. Mechanisms of plant competition for nutrients: the elements of a predictive theory of competition. Pages 117-141 in J. Grace and D. Tilman, Eds., Perspectives on Plant Competition. Academic Press, New York.    [1174  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Updegraff, K. L.; Zak, D. R.; Grigal, D. F. 1990. The nitrogen budget of a hybrid poplar plantation in Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20:1818-1822.   [1699  CC]

Wedin, D. A. 1990. Nitrogen cycling and competition among grass species. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1203  LTER]

Wedin, D. A.; Tilman, D. 1990. Species effects on nitrogen cycling: a test with perennial grasses. Oecologia 84:433-441.    [1207  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Zak, D. R.; Grigal, D. F.; Gleeson, S.; Tilman, D. 1990. Carbon and nitrogen cycling during old-field succession: constraints on plant and microbial biomass. Biogeochemistry 11:111-129.    [1220  Abstract  Full Text  E014  LTER]

Allison, T. D. 1991. Variation in sex expression in Canada yew (Taxus Canadensis). American Journal of Botany 78(4):569-578.    [1007  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Davis, M. A.; Johnson, G. W. 1991. A simple and inexpensive method of obtaining low-altitude photographs of vegetation using a tethered balloon. Prairie Naturalist 23(3):153-164.    [1035  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Davis, M. A.; Villinski, J.; Banks, K.; Buckman-Fifield, J.; Dicus, J.; Hofmann, S. 1991. Combined effects of fire, mound-building by pocket gophers, root loss and plant size on growth and reproduction in Penstemon grandiflorus. American Midland Naturalist 125:150-161.    [1038  Abstract  Full Text  E133  LTER]

Davis, M. A.; Villinski, J.; McAndrew, S.; Scholtz, H.; Young, E. 1991. Survivorship of Penstemon grandiflorus in an oak woodland: combined effects of fire and pocket gophers. Oecologia 86:113-118.    [1039  Abstract  Full Text  E133  LTER]

Gorham, E. 1991. Northern peatlands: role in the carbon cycle and probable responses to climatic warming. Ecological Applications 1:182-195.    [1055  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Hairston, A. B.; Grigal, D. F. 1991. Topographic influences on soils and trees within single mapping units on a sandy outwash landscape. Forest Ecology and Management 43:35-45.    [1065  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Howitz, J. L. 1991. A case of polyandry in black-capped chickadees. The Loon 63:152-154.    [1339  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Huntly, N. 1991. Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22:477-503.    [1070  Full Text  LTER]

Johnson, N. C. 1991. Plant and soil regulation of mycorrhizae in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1083  LTER]

Johnson, N. C.; Pfleger, F. L.; Crookston, R. K.; Simmons, S. R.; Copeland, P. J. 1991. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas respond to corn and soybean cropping history. New Phytologist 117:657-663.    [1089  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Johnson, N. C.; Zak, D. R.; Tilman, D.; Pfleger, F. L. 1991. Dynamics of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae during old field succession. Oecologia 86:349-358.    [1087  Abstract  Full Text  E014  LTER]

McKane, R. B. 1991. Regulation of carbon and nitrogen cycling and plant community structure during old-field succession. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1101  LTER]

Nicolai, V. 1991. Reactions of the fauna on the bark of trees to the frequency of fires in a North American savanna. Oecologia 88:132-137.    [1453  Abstract  Full Text  E133  CC]

Reichman, O. J.; Smith, S. C. 1991. Responses to simulated leaf and root herbivory by a biennial, Tragopogon dubius. Ecology 72:116-124.    [1126  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Strauss, S. Y. 1991. Direct, indirect, and cumulative effects of three native herbivores on a shared host plant. Ecology 72(2):543-558.    [1147  Abstract  Full Text  LTERCC]

Suhartoyo, H. 1991. Analysis of vegetation of the Cedar Creek Natural History Area using methods of classification and ordination. M.S. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1148  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1991. Relative growth rates and plant allocation patterns. The American Naturalist 138:1269-1275.    [1175  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1991. The schism between theory and ardent empiricism: a reply to Shipley and Peters. The American Naturalist 138:1283-1286.    [1176  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Olff, H. 1991. An experimental study of the effects of pH and nitrogen on grassland vegetation. Acta Oecologica 12(3):427-441.    [1188  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Wedin, D. 1991. Dynamics of nitrogen competition between successional grasses. Ecology 72:1038-1049. (Highlighted in Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 1991).    [1185  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Wedin, D. 1991. Oscillations and chaos in the dynamics of a perennial grass. Nature 353:653-655. (Highlighted in The New York Times and other media.)    [1186  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Wedin, D. 1991. Plant traits and resource reduction for five grasses growing on a nitrogen gradient. Ecology 72(2):685-700. (Highlighted in Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 1991.).    [1187  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Wedin, D. A. 1991. Components of nitrogen-use-efficiency in perennial grasses. Bulletin of Ecological Society of America 72:283 (abstract).   [1204  LTER]

Wilson, S. D.; Tilman, D. 1991. Components of plant competition along an experimental gradient of nitrogen availability. Ecology 72:1050-1065.    [1214  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Wilson, S. D.; Tilman, D. 1991. Interactive effects of fertilization and disturbance on community structure and resource availability in an old-field plant community. Oecologia 88:61-71.    [1215  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Zak, D. R.; Grigal, D. F. 1991. Nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and denitrification in upland and wetland ecosystems. Oecologia 88:189-196.    [1218  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Zak, D. R.; Hairston, A.; Grigal, D. F. 1991. Topographic influences on nitrogen cycling within an upland pin oak ecosystem. Forest Science. 37(1):45-53.    [1219  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Zinnel, K. C.; Tester, J. R. 1991. Implanting radio transmitters in plains pocket gophers. Prairie Naturalist 23(1):35-40.    [1223  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Allison, T. D. 1992. The influence of deer browsing on the reproductive biology of Canada yew (Taxus canadensis marsh.) III. Sex expression. Oecologia 89:223-228.    [1008  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Bouabid, R. 1992. Soil solution chemistry, mineral weathering and pedogenesis in sandy outwash soils of east-central Minnesota. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1012  LTER]

Bouabid, R.; Nater, E. A.; Barak, P. 1992. Measurement of pore size distribution in a lamellar Bt horizon using epiflourescence microscopy and image analysis. Geoderma 53:309-328.    [1013  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Brown, D. G. 1992. The effects of leaf consumption by Trirhabda canadensis on the growth and resource allocation of Solidago missouriensis, with concomitant effects on leaf nutritional quality and the availability of light and soil nitrogen. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1016  LTER]

Cook, B. D.; Allan, D. L. 1992. Dissolved organic carbon in old field soils: total amounts as a measure of available resources for soil mineralization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24:585-594.    [1026  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Cook, B. D.; Allan, D. L. 1992. Dissolved organic carbon in old field soils: compositional changes during the biodegradation of soil organic matter. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24:595-600.    [1025  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Cutler, B.; Jennings, D. T. 1992. Habitat segregation by species of Metaphidippus (Araneae: Salticidae) in Minnesota. Journal of Arachnology 20:88-93.    [1033  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Davis, M. A. 1992. The effects of pocket gophers on survivorship, growth, and reproduction of large beardtongue. Pages 47-49 in D. D. Smith and C. A. Jacobs, Eds., Proceedings of the Twelfth North American Prairie Conference. University of Northern Iowa Press, Cedar Falls, IA.    [1034  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Engstrom, J. K. 1992. Analysis of the size and shape of areas of forest ingrowth into grasslands at Cedar Creek Natural History Area from 1938 to 1977. M.S. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1042  LTER]

Gleeson, S. K.; Tilman, D. 1992. Plant allocation and the multiple limitation hypothesis. The American Naturalist 139:1322-1343.    [1051  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Grigal, D. F.; Ohmann, L. F. 1992. Carbon storage in upland forests in the lakes states. Soil Sci. Soc. Am J. 56:935-943.    [1768  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Homann, P. S.; Grigal, D. F. 1992. Molecular weight distribution of soluble organics from laboratory-manipulated surface soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 56:1305-1310.    [1068  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Johnson, N. C.; Copeland, P. J.; Crookston, R. K.; Pfleger, F. L. 1992. Mycorrhizae: possible explanation for yield decline with continuous corn and soybean. Agronomy Journal 84:387-390.    [1090  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Johnson, N. C.; Pfleger, F. L. 1992. Vesicular-Arbuscular mycorrhizae and cultural stresses. Pages 71-99 in Bethlenfalvay, G., et al., eds., VA Mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agriculture. ASA/SSSA special publication No. 54. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.    [1086  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Johnson, N. C.; Tilman, D.; Wedin, D. 1992. Plant and soil controls on mycorrhizal fungal communities. Ecology 73(6):2034-2042.    [1088  Abstract  Full Text  E001  LTER]

McKinney, F. 1992. Courtship, pair formation, and signal systems. Pages 214-250 in Batt, B. D. J., et al., Eds. Ecology and Management of Breeding Waterfowl. University of Minnesota Press.    [1415  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Ritchie, M. E. 1992. Chaotic dynamics in food-limited populations: implications for wildlife management. Pages 139-147 in, D. R. McCullough and R. Barrett, Eds. Wildlife 2001: Populations. Elsevier Press, London.    [1127  Full Text  LTER]

Ritchie, M. E.; Tilman, D. 1992. Interspecific competition among grasshoppers and their effect on plant abundance in experimental field environments. Oecologia 89:524-532.    [1132  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Schowalter, T. D. 1992. Heterogeneity of decomposition and nutrient dynamics of oak (Quercus) logs during the first 2 years of decomposition. Canadian J. For. Res. 22:161-166.    [1137  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Haddi, A. El. 1992. Drought and biodiversity in grasslands. Oecologia 89:257-264. (Highlighted in Science 256:610, 1 May 1992.)    [1184  Abstract  Full Text  E001  LTER]

Wedin, D. A. 1992. Biodiversity conservation in Europe and North America: I. Grasslands - a common challenge. Restoration and Management Notes 10(3):137-143. (Madison, WI).    [1205  Full Text  LTER]

Wedin, D. A.; Tilman, D. 1992. Nitrogen cycling, plant competition and the stability of tallgrass prairie. Pages 5-8 in D. D. Smith and C. A. Jacobs, Eds., Proceedings of the Twelfth North American Prairie Conference. University of Northern Iowa Press, Cedar Falls, IA.    [1208  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Zinnel, K. C. 1992. Behavior of free-ranging pocket gophers. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1222  LTER]

Zinnel, K. C.; Tester, J. R. 1992. Effects of plains pocket gophers on root biomass and soil nitrogen. Pages 43-46 in Smith, D. D. and C. A. Jacobs, Eds., Proceedings of the Twelfth North American Prairie Conference. University of Northern Iowa Press, Cedar Falls, IA.    [1224  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Cheng, H. H.; Bell, J. C.; Molina, J. A. E.; Reece, C.; Bliss, N. 1993. Assessing the potential impact of global climate changes on soils as sinks or sources of CO₂ in the terrestrial carbon cycle. Final report on project NAG 5-1846 to NASA.    [1018  Abstract  Full Text  LTERCC]

Craig, T. P.; Itami, J. K.; Abrahamson, W. G.; Horner, J. D. 1993. Behavioral evidence for host-race formation in Eurosta solidaginis. Evolution 47:1696-1710.    [1031  Abstract  Full Text  LTERCC]

Faber-Langendoen, D.; Tester, J. R. 1993. Oak mortality in sand savannas following drought in east-central Minnesota. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 120:248-256.    [1043  Abstract  Full Text  E133  LTER]

Gleeson, S. K. 1993. Optimization of tissue nitrogen and root shoot allocation. Annals of Botany 71:23-31.    [1626  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

How, S. T.; Abrahamson, W. G.; Craig, T. P. 1993. Role of host plant phenology in host use by Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Solidago (Compositae). Environ. Entom. 22:388-396.    [1069  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Johnson, N. C. 1993. Can fertilization of soil select less mutualistic mycorrhize? Ecological Applications 3(4):749-757.    [1084  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

McGinley, M. A.; Tilman, D. 1993. Short-term response of old-field plant communities to fire and disturbance. American Midland Naturalist 129:409-413.    [1097  Abstract  Full Text  E133  LTER]

Phillips, M. M. 1993. Wetland plant communities and factors influencing plant distributions at the Cedar Creek Natural History Area, Minnesota. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1114  LTER]

Ritchie, M. E.; Tilman, D. 1993. Predictions of species interactions from consumer resource theory: experimental tests with grasshoppers and plants. Oecologia 94:516-527.    [1133  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Sorenson, M. D. 1993. Parasitic egg laying in canvasbacks: frequency, success, and individual behavior. The Auk 110(1):57-69.    [1685  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Tilman, D. 1993. Carbon dioxide limitation and potential direct effects of its accumulation on plant communities. Pages 333-346 in Kareiva, P. M., J. G. Kingsolver, and R. B. Juey, Eds., Biotic Interactions and Global Change, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.    [1690  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1993. Community diversity and succession: the roles of competition, dispersal and habitat modification. Pages 327-344 in Schulze, E. D. and H. Mooney, Eds., Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.    [1178  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1993. Species richness of experimental productivity gradients: How important is colonization limitation? Ecology 74:2179-2191.    [1179  Abstract  Full Text  E001  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Pacala, S. 1993. The maintenance of species richness in plant communities. Pages 13-25 in Ricklefs, R. and D. Schluter, Eds., Species Diversity in Ecological Communities, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.    [1193  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Wedin, D. A.; Pastor, J. 1993. Nitrogen mineralization dynamics in grass monocultures. Oecologia 96:186-192.    [1210  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Wedin, D. A.; Tilman, D. 1993. Competition among grasses along a nitrogen gradient: initial conditions and mechanisms of competition. Ecological Monographs 63:199-229.    [1209  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Wilson, S. D.; Tilman, D. 1993. Plant competition and resource availability in response to disturbance and fertilization. Ecology 74:599-611.    [1216  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Abrahamson, W. G.; Brown, J. M.; Roth, S. K.; Summerford, D. V.; Horner, J. D.; Hess, M. D.; How, S. T.; Craig, T. P.; Packer, R. A.; Itami, J. K. 1994. Gallmaker speciation: and assessment of the roles of host-plant characters and phenology, gallmaker competition, and natural enemies. Pages 208-222 in P. W. Price, W. Mattson, and Y. Baranchikov, editors, The ecology and evolution of gall-forming insects. USDA Forest Service, North Central Experiment Station. General Technical Report NC-174.   [1828  CC]

Basiletti, M. W. 1994. A ground water study at Cedar Creek Natural History Area. M.S. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1009  LTER]

Brown, D. G. 1994. Beetle folivory increases resource availability and alters plant invasion in monocultures of goldenrod. Ecology 75:1673-1683.    [1606  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Craig, T. P. 1994. Effects of intraspecific plant variation on parasitoid communities. Pages 205-227 in B. A. Hawkins and W. Sheehan, Eds., Parasitoid Community Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.    [1028  Abstract  Full Text  LTERCC]

Craig, T. P.; Itami, J. K.; Horner, J. D.; Abrahamson, W. G. 1994. Host shifts and speciation in gall-forming insects. Pages 194-207 in P. W. Price, W. J. Mattson, and Y. N. Baranchikov, Eds., The Ecology and Evolution of Gall-forming Insects. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. St. Paul, MN. General Technical Report NC-174.    [1030  Abstract  Full Text  LTERCC]

Frank, D. A.; Inouye, R. S. 1994. Temporal variation in actual evapotranspiration of terrestrial ecosystems: patterns and ecological implications. Journal of Biogeography 21:401-411.    [1049  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Gleeson, S. K.; Clark, A. B.; Dugatkin, L. A. 1994. Monozygotic twinning: an evolutionary hypothesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91:11363-11367.    [1627  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Gleeson, S. K.; Tilman, D. 1994. Plant allocation, growth rate, and successional status. Functional Ecology 8:543-550.    [1052  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Grigal, D. F.; Homann, P. S. 1994. Nitrogen mineralization, groundwater dynamics, and forest growth on a Minnesota outwash landscape. Biogeochemistry 27:171-185.    [1060  Abstract  Full Text  LTERCC]

Grigal, D. F.; Nater, E. A.; Homann, P. S. 1994. Spatial distribution patterns of mercury in an east-central Minnesota landscape. Pages 305-312 in C. J. Watras, and J. W. Huckabee, Eds., Mercury Pollution: Integration and Synthesis. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida. Presented at the International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant, Monterey, CA, May 31-June 4, 1992. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida.    [1061  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Hairston, A. B.; Grigal, D. F. 1994. Topographic variation in soil water and nitrogen for two forested landforms in Minnesota, U.S.A. Geoderma 64:125-138.    [1066  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Holt, R. D.; Grover, J.; Tilman, D. 1994. Simple rules for interspecific dominance in systems with exploitative and apparent competition. The American Naturalist 144:741-771.    [1067  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Inouye, R. S.; Allison, T. D.; Johnson, N. C. 1994. Old field succession on a Minnesota sand plain: effects of deer and other factors on invasion by trees. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 121(3):266-276.    [1080  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

McGinley, M. A. 1994. Variation in reproductive characteristics of Poa pratensis across a successional chronosequence. Texas Journal of Science 45:107-108.   [1096  LTER]

Pacala, S.; Tilman, D. 1994. Limiting similarity in mechanistic and spatial models of plant competition in heterogeneous environments. The American Naturalist 143:222-257.    [1109  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Reader, R. J.; Wilson, S. D.; Belcher, J. W.; Wisheu, I.; Keddy, P. A.; Tilman, D.; Morris, E. C.; Grace, J. B.; McGraw, J. B.; Olff, H.; Turkington, R.; Klein, E.; Leung, Y.; Shipley, B.; Hulst, R. van; Johansson, M. E.; Nilsson, C.; Gurevitch, J.; Grigulis, K.; Beisner, B. E. 1994. Plant competition in relation to neighbor biomass: an intercontinental study with Poa pratensis. Ecology 75:1753-1760.    [1119  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Ritchie, M. E.; Wolfe, M. L. 1994. Sustaining rangelands: application of ecological models to evaluate the risks of alternative grazing systems. Proceedings, Conference on Sustainable Ecosystems, Flagstaff AZ, USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RMA-26, pp. 328-336.   [1135  LTER]

Sorenson, J. A.; Glass, G. E.; Schmidt, K. W. 1994. Regional patterns of wet mercury deposition. Environmental Science and Technology 28:2025-2032.    [1140  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Sorenson, L. G. 1994. Forced extra-pair copulation and mate guarding in the white-cheeked pintail: timing and trade-offs in an asynchronously breeding duck. Anim. Behav. 48:519-533.    [1683  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Sorenson, L. G. 1994. Forced extra-pair copulation in the white-cheeked pintail: male tactics and female responses. The Condor 96:400-410.    [1684  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Tilman, D. 1994. Competition and biodiversity in spatially structured habitats. Ecology 75:2-16.    [1180  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Dodd, M. E.; Silvertown, J.; Poulton, P. R.; Johnston, A. E.; Crawley, M. J. 1994. The Park Grass Experiment: Insights from the most long-term ecological study. Pages 287-303 in R. A. Leigh and A. E. Johnston, Eds., Long-term Experiments in Agricultural and Ecological Sciences. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom.    [1197  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Downing, J. A. 1994. Biodiversity and stability in grasslands. Nature 367:363-365. (Highlighted in The New York Times 1 Feb. 1994, Science News 5 Feb. 1994, and other media. Reprinted in Readings in Ecosystem Management, F. B. Samson and F. Knopf, Eds., Springer-Verlag.)    [1189  Abstract  Full Text  E001  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Downing, J. A.; Wedin, D. A. 1994. Does diversity beget stability? (scientific correspondence, reply to Givnish). Nature 371:113-114    [1696  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; May, R. M.; Lehman, C. L.; Nowak, M. A. 1994. Habitat destruction and the extinction debt. Nature 371:65-66. (Highlighted in The New York Times 27 September 1994, Science 26 August 1994, and other media.)    [1200  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Wilson, S. D. 1994. Initial size and the competitive responses of two grasses at two levels of soil nitrogen: a field experiment. Canadian Journal of Botany 72:1349-1354.    [1212  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Zak, D. R.; Tilman, D.; Parmenter, R. R.; Rice, C. W.; Fisher, F. M.; Vose, J.; Milchunas, D.; Martin, C. W. 1994. Plant production and soil microorganisms in late-successional ecosystems: a continental-scale study. Ecology 75:2333-2347.    [1221  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Zinnel, K. C.; Tester, J. R. 1994. Plains pocket gophers social behavior. Pages 95-101 in R. G. Wickett, P. D. Lewis, A. Woodliffe and P. Pratt, eds., Proceedings of the Thirteenth North American Prairie Conference: Spirit of the Land, Our Prairie Legacy. Held 6-9 August 1992, Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Department of Parks and Recreation, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.    [1716  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Aber, J. D.; Ollinger, S. V.; Federer, C. A.; Reich, P. B.; Goulden, M. L.; Kicklighter, D. W.; Melillo, J. M.; Lathrop~Jr., R. G. 1995. Predicting the effects of climate change on water yield and forest production in the northeastern United States. Climate Research 5:207-222.    [1002  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Bouabid, R.; Nater, E. A.; Bloom, P. R. 1995. Characterization of the weathering status of feldspar minerals in sandy soils of Minnesota using SEM and EDX. Geoderma 66(1-2):137-149.    [1815  Full Text  CC]

Brown, D. G.; Weis, A. E. 1995. Direct and indirect effects of prior grazing of goldenrod upon the performance of a leaf beetle. Ecology 76:426-436.    [1607  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Davis, M. A.; Ritchie, B.; Graf, N.; Gregg, K. 1995. An experimental study of the effects of shade, conspecific crowding, pocket gophers and surrounding vegetation on survivorship, growth and reproduction in Penstemon grandiflorus. American Midland Naturalist 134:237-243.    [1036  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Faber-Langendoen, D.; Davis, M. A. 1995. Effects of fire frequency on tree canopy cover at Allison Savanna, East-central Minnesota, USA. Natural Areas Journal 15:319-328.    [1044  Abstract  Full Text  E133  LTER]

Frelich, L. E.; Reich, P. B. 1995. Neighborhood effects, disturbance, and succession in forests of the western Great Lakes region. Ecoscience 2:148-158.   [1624  CC]

Huntly, N. J. 1995. How important are consumer species to ecosystem functioning? Pages 72-83 in C. G. Jones and J. H. Lawton, Eds., Linking Species and Ecosystems. Chapman and Hall, New York.    [1071  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Inouye, R. S.; Tilman, D. 1995. Convergence and divergence of old-field vegetation after 11 yr of nitrogen addition. Ecology 76:1872-1887.    [1077  Abstract  Full Text  E002  LTER]

Johnson, K. 1995. Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca). In, A. Poole and F. Gill, eds., The Birds of North America, No. 193. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.    [1642  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Kephart, K.; West, C.; Wedin, D. A. 1995. Grassland ecosystems and their improvement. Pages 141-153 in R. F. Barnes, D. A. Miller and C. J. Nelson, Eds., Forages: Volume 1: An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture. Iowa State University Press.    [1091  Full Text  LTER]

Macmillan, K. 1995. Factors controlling species diversity in a grasshopper community. M.S. Thesis. Utah State University, Logan.   [1094  LTER]

McKinney, F. 1995. Review of: The downy waterfowl of North America by Colleen Helgeson Nelson. The Auk 112:525.    [1657  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Power, M. E.; Tilman, D.; Carpenter, S. R.; (et al). 1995. Letters to Science: The role of experiments in ecology. Science 270:561.    [1667  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Reed, C. C. 1995. Insects surveyed on flowers in native and reconstructed prairies (Minnesota). Restoration & Management Notes 13:210-213.    [1668  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Reed, C. C. 1995. Species richness of insects on prairie flowers in Southeastern Minnesota. Pages 103-115 in, Hartnett, D. C., Editor, Fourteenth North American Prairie Conference: Prairie Biodiversity. Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.    [1600  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Reich, P. B.; Kloeppel, B. D.; Ellsworth, D. S.; Walters, M. B. 1995. Different photosynthesis-nitrogen relation in deciduous hardwood and evergreen coniferous tree species. Oecologia 104:24-30.    [1123  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Ritchie, M. E.; Tilman, D. 1995. Responses of legumes to herbivores and nutrients during succession on a nitrogen-poor soil. Ecology 76(8):2648-2655.    [1134  Abstract  Full Text  E001  LTER]

Shelton, A. L.; Inouye, R. S. 1995. Effects of browsing by deer on the growth and reproductive success of Lactuca canadensis (Asteraceae). The American Midland Naturalist 134:332-339.    [1138  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Sorenson, M. D. 1995. Evidence of conspecific nest parasitism and egg discrimination in the sora. The Condor 97:819-821.    [1686  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Stoeckenius, T. E.; Shepard, S. B.; Iwamiya, R. K. 1995. Analysis of dry deposition monitoring data in Minnesota and surrounding areas. Report of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Paul, Minnesota.    [1142  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Svenson, E. 1995. Response of prairie species and old-field vegetation in an experimental restoration from seed. M.S. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1149  LTER]

Tester, J. R. 1995. Minnesota's Natural Heritage: An Ecological Perspective. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis and London, 332 pp.    [1596  Full Text  CC]

Wasley, G. 1995. The effects of productivity on mound production and burrow geometry of the plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) in an old-field in east-central Minnesota. M.S. Thesis, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID.   [1705  LTER]

Wedin, D. A. 1995. Species, nitrogen and grassland dynamics: the constraints of stuff. Pages 253-262 in C. Jones and J. H. Lawton, eds. Linking Species and Ecosystems. Chapman and Hall, New York.    [1206  Abstract  Full Text  E133  LTER]

Wedin, D. A.; Tieszen, L. L.; Dewey, B.; Pastor, J. 1995. Carbon isotope dynamics during grass decomposition and soil organic matter formation. Ecology 76:1383-1392.    [1211  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Wilson, S. D.; Tilman, D. 1995. Competitive responses of eight old-field plant species in four environments. Ecology 76:1169-1180.    [1217  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Wovcha, D.; Delaney, B; Nordquist, G. 1995. Minnesota's St. Croix River Valley and Anoka Sandplain: A Guide to Native Habitats.   [1014  CC]

Aber, J. D.; Reich, P. B.; Goulden, M. L. 1996. Extrapolating leaf CO₂ exchange to the canopy: a generalized model of forest photosynthesis compared with measurements by eddy correlation. Oecologia 106:257-265.    [1001  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Bajpai, A. 1996. Biodiversity and ecosystem function: a case study in algal microcosms. M.S. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1601  LTER]

Bell, J. C.; Grigal, D. F.; Bates, P. C.; Butler, C. A. 1996. Spatial patterns in carbon storage in a Lake States' landscape. Pages 198-202 in Hom, J., R. Birdsey, and K. O'Brian, eds., Proceedings, 1995 Meeting of the Northern Global Change Program; 1995 March 14-16; Pittsburgh, PA. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-214. 238 p.    [1602  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Cohen, J. E.; Tilman, D. 1996. Biosphere 2 and Biodiversity--The Lessons So Far Science 274:1150-1151.    [1589  Abstract  LTER]

Foster, S. A.; Cresko, W. A.; Johnson, K. P.; Tlusty, M. U.; Willmott, H. E. 1996. Patterns of homoplasy in behavioral evolution. Pages 245-269 in M. J. Sanderson and L. Hufford, eds., Homoplasy: The recurrence of Similarity in Evolution. Academic Press, San Diego.    [1623  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Homann, P. S.; Grigal, D. F. 1996. Below-ground organic carbon and decomposition potential in a field-forest glacial-outwash landscape. Biol. Fertil. Soils 23:207-214.    [1598  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Johnston, M. H.; Homann, P. S.; Engstrom, J. K.; Grigal, D. F. 1996. Changes in ecosystem carbon storage over 40 years on an old-field/forest landscape in east-central Minnesota. Forest Ecology and Management 83:17-26.    [1597  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Kitajima, K.; Tilman, D. 1996. Seed banks and seedling establishment on an experimental productivity gradient. Oikos 76:381-391.    [1092  Abstract  Full Text  E001  LTER]

Power, M. E.; Tilman, D.; Estes, J.; Menge, B. A.; Bond, W. J.; Mills, L. S.; Daily, G.; Castilla, J. C.; Lubchenco, J.; Paine, R. T. 1996. Challenges in the Quest for Keystones. BioScience 46(8):609-620.    [1117  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Ritchie, M. E. 1996. Interaction of temperature and resources in population dynamics: An experimental test of theory. Pages 79-91 in R. B. Floyd, A. W. Sheppard, and P. J. De Barro, Eds. Frontiers of Population Ecology, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.    [1128  Full Text  LTER]

Siemann, E.; Tilman, D.; Haarstad, J. 1996. Insect species diversity, abundance and body size relationships. Nature 380:704-706. (Highlighted in News and Views by S. Nee and J. H. Lawton, highlighted in The Sciences, April 1997.)    [1586  Abstract  Full Text  E122  LTER]

Tester, J. R. 1996. Effects of fire frequency on plant species in oak savanna in east-central Minnesota. Bulletin of the Torry Botanical Club 123:304-308.    [1595  Abstract  Full Text  E133  CC]

Tilman, D. 1996. Biodiversity: Population versus ecosystem stability. Ecology 77(3):350-363. (Highlighted in Science 271:1497 by Anne S. Moffat.)    [1181  Abstract  Full Text  E001  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1996. The benefits of natural disasters. Science 273:1518.    [1594  Abstract  Full Text  E133  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Lehman, C.; May, R.; Nowak, M. 1996. Species fragmentation or area loss? (Reply to Budiansky.) Nature 382:215-216.    [1587  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Wedin, D.; Knops, J. 1996. Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. Nature 379:718-720. (Highlighted in Nature News and Views 379:673-674 by P. Kareiva; in The New York Times, March 5, 1996.)    [1695  Abstract  Full Text  E120,  E123  LTER]

Vincent, T. L. 1996. Testing patterns of species richness: a study of experimental and natural prairie plant communities. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1700  LTER]

Vincent, T. L. S.; Scheel, D.; Brown, J. S.; Vincent, T. L. 1996. Trade-offs and coexistence in consumer-resource models: it all depends on what and where you eat. The American Naturalist 148(6):1038-1058.    [1773  Full Text  CC]

Vincent, T. L. S.; Vincent, T. L. 1996. Using the ESS maximum principle to explore root-shoot allocation, competition and coexistence. Journal of Theoretical Biology 180:111-120.    [1774  Full Text  CC]

Walters, M. B.; Reich, P. B. 1996. Are shade tolerance, survival, and growth linked? Low light and nitrogen effects on hardwood seedlings. Ecology 77:841-853.    [1704  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Wedin, D. A. 1996. Nutrient cycling in grasslands: an ecologist's perspective. Pages 29-44 in R. E. Joost and C. A. Robers, eds., Nutrient Cycling in Forage Systems. Potash and Phosphate Institute, Manhattan, KS.    [1712  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Wedin, D. A.; Tilman, D. 1996. Influence of nitrogen loading and species composition on the carbon balance of grasslands. Science 274:1720-1723. (Highlighted in Science Environment 274:1610-1611 by J. Kaiser, and The New York Times December 10, 1996.)    [1588  Abstract  Full Text  E001  LTER]

Williams, M.; McKinney, F. 1996. Long-term monogamy in a river specialist--the Blue Duck. Pages 73-90 in J. M. Black, ed., Partnerships in Birds: the Study of Monogamy. Oxford University Press.    [1713  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Brewer, G. L. 1997. Displays and breeding behaviour of the Chiloe Wigeon Anas sibilatrix. Wildfowl 47:97-125.    [1605  Full Text  CC]

Bryant, C. S. 1997. The biogeochemistry of five wetland-upland landscapes. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1610  LTER]

Chapin~III, F. S.; Walker, B. H.; Hobbs, R. J.; Hooper, D. U.; Lawton, J. H.; Sala, O. E.; Tilman, D. 1997. Biotic control over the functioning of ecosystems. Science 277:500-504.    [1614  Full Text  E120  LTER]

Craig, T. P.; Itami, J. K.; Horner, J. D. 1997. Hybridization studies on the host races of Eurosta solidaginis: Implications for sympatric speciation. Evolution 51:1552-1560.    [1827  Full Text  CC]

Davis, M. A.; Duke, A.; Ibsen, T.; Tran, H.; Rhodes, R. 1997. Spatial distribution of Penstemon grandiflorus (Nutt.) and Geomys bursarius in a fragmented oak woodland in Minnesota, USA. Natural Areas Journal 17:136-143.    [1618  Abstract  Full Text  E133  LTER]

Frieders, E. M. 1997. An integrated approach to understanding the moss parasites and their role in basidiomycete evolution. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1625  CC]

Gerlach, J. P.; Reich, P. B.; Puettmann, K.; Baker, T. 1997. Species, diversity, and density affect tree seedling mortality from Armillaria root rot. Can. J. For. Res. 27:1509-1512.    [1760  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Inouye, R. S.; Huntly, N.; Wasley, G. A. 1997. Effects of pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius) on microtopographic variation. Journal of Mammalogy 78(4):1144-1148.    [1640  Full Text  CC]

Johnson, K. 1997. The evolution of behavior in the dabbling ducks: a phylogenietic approach. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1643  CC]

Johnson, N. C.; Wedin, D. A. 1997. Soil carbon, nutrients, and mycorrhizae during conversion of dry tropical forest to grassland. Ecological Applications 7:171-182.    [1085  Full Text  LTER]

Lehman, C. L.; Tilman, D. 1997. Competition in spatial habitats. Pages 185-203 in, D. Tilman and P. Kareiva, eds., Spatial Ecology: The Role of Space in Population Dynamics and Interspecific Interactions. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.    [1592  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Ollinger, S. V.; Aber, J. D.; Reich, P. B. 1997. Simulating ozone effects on forest productivity: Interactions among leaf-, canopy-, and stand-level processes. Ecological Applications 7:1237-1251.    [1660  Full Text  CC]

Reed, C. C. 1997. Diurnal Lepidoptera of native and reconstructed prairies in Eastern Minnesota. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 51:179-184.    [1584  Full Text  CC]

Reich, P. B.; Grigal, D. F.; Aber, J. D.; Gower, S. T. 1997. Nitrogen mineralization and productivity in 50 hardwood and conifer stands on diverse soils. Ecology 78:335-347.    [1121  Full Text  LTER]

Reich, P. B.; Walters, M. B.; Ellsworth, D. S. 1997. From tropics to tundra: Global convergence in plant functioning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:13730-13734.    [1762  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Ritchie, M. E. 1997. Populations in a landscape context: Sources, sinks, and metapopulations. Pages 160-184 in, J. A. Bissonette, (ed.). Wildlife and Landscape Ecology, Springer, New York.    [1764  Full Text  LTER]

Siemann, E. H. 1997. Controls of the diversity and structure of grassland insect communities. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1680  LTER]

Siemann, E.; Haarstad, J.; Tilman, D. 1997. Short-term and long-term effects of burning on oak savanna arthropods. The American Midland Naturalist 137:349-361.    [1682  Abstract  Full Text  E133  LTER]

Staus, N. L. 1997. Ecology and conservation of the West Indian whistling-duck in the Bahamas. M.S. Thesis, University of Minnesota.   [1687  CC]

Tilman, D. 1997. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Pages 93-112 in, G. Daily, ed., Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Island Press, Washington, D.C.    [1183  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1997. Community invasibility, recruitment limitation, and grassland biodiversity. Ecology 78:81-92.    [1590  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1997. Mechanisms of plant competition. Pages 239-261 in M. Crawley, ed., Plant Ecology, Second Edition. Blackwell Science, Oxford, England.    [1182  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1997. Distinguishing between the effects of species diversity and species composition. Oikos 80(1):185.    [1585  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Kareiva, P.; (Editors). 1997. Spatial Ecology: The Role of Space in Population Dynamics and Interspecific Interactions. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.   [1772  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Knops, J.; Wedin, D.; Reich, P.; Ritchie, M.; Siemann, E. 1997. The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes. Science 277:1300-1302. (highlighted in Perspectives by Grime)    [1692  Abstract  Full Text  E120  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Lehman, C. L. 1997. Habitat destruction and species extinctions. Pages 233-249 in, D. Tilman and P. Kareiva, eds., Spatial Ecology: The Role of Space in Population Dynamics and Interspecific Interactions. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.    [1593  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Lehman, C. L.; Kareiva, P. 1997. Population dynamics in spatial habitats. Pages 3-20 in, D. Tilman and P. Kareiva, eds., Spatial Ecology: The Role of Space in Population Dynamics and Interspecific Interactions. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.    [1591  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Lehman, C. L.; Thomson, K. T. 1997. Plant diversity and ecosystem productivity: Theoretical considerations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94:1857-1861.    [1694  Abstract  Full Text  E123  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Lehman, C.; Yin, C. 1997. Habitat destruction, dispersal, and deterministic extinction in competitive communities. The American Naturalist 149:407-435.    [1194  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Naeem, S.; Knops, J.; Reich, P.; Siemann, E.; Wedin, D.; Ritchie, M.; Lawton, J. 1997. Biodiversity and ecosystem properties. Science 278:1866-1867.    [1698  Full Text  LTER]

Vitousek, P. M.; Aber, J. D.; Howarth, R. W.; Likens, G. E.; Matson, P. A.; Schindler, D. W.; Schlesinger, W. H.; Tilman, D. G. 1997. Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Sources and consequences. Ecological Applications 7:737-750.    [1703  Abstract  Full Text  E001  LTER]

Wedin, D. A.; Tilman, D. 1997. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition: response (letter). Science 275:739-741.    [1853  Full Text  LTER]

Bazzaz, F.; Ceballos, G.; Davis, M.; Dirzo, R.; Ehrlich, P. R.; Eisner, T.; Levin, S.; Lawton, J. H.; Lubchenco, J.; Matson, P. A.; Mooney, H. A.; Raven, P. H.; Roughgarden, J. E.; Sarukhan, J.; Tilman, G. D.; Vitousek, P.; Walker, B.; Wall, D. H.; Wilson, E. O.; Woodwell, G. M. 1998. Ecological science and the human predicament. Science 282:879.   LTER]

Chapin~III, F. S.; Sala, O. E.; Burke, I. C.; Grime, J. P.; Hooper, D. U.; Lauenroth, W. K.; Lombard, A.; Mooney, H. A.; Mosier, A. R.; Naeem, S.; Pacala, S. W.; Roy, J.; Steffen, W. L.; Tilman, D. 1998. Ecosystem consequences of changing biodiversity. BioScience 48:45-52.    [1784  Full Text  E120  LTER]

Davis, M. A.; Wrage, K. J.; Reich, P. B. 1998. Competition between tree seedlings and herbaceous vegetation: support for a theory of resource supply and demand. Journal of Ecology 86:652-661.    [1717  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Inouye, R. S. 1998. Species-area curves and estimates of total species richness in an old-field chronosequence. Plant Ecology 137: 31-40.    [1729  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Itami, J. K.; Craig, T. P.; Horner, J. D. 1998. Factors affecting gene flow between the host races of Eurosta solidaginis. Pages 375-407 in S. Mopper and S. Strauss, Eds., Genetic Structure and Local Adaptation in Natural Insect Populations: Effects of Ecology, Life History and Behavior. Chapman and Hall, New York.    [1830  Full Text  CC]

Knops, J. M. H.; Lehman, C. L. 1998. Modeling range expansions in biological invasions. Review of Shigesada, N. and Kawasaki, K., Biological Invasions: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press, New York, 205 pp. Ecology 79:2578    [1645  Full Text  LTER]

Larson, J. L.; Siemann, E. 1998. Legumes may be symbiont-limited during old-field succession. American Midland Naturalist 140:90-95.    [1647  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Naeem, S. 1998. Species redundancy and ecosystem reliability. Conservation Biology 12:39-45.    [1866  Full Text  LTER]

Naeem, S.; Li, S. 1998. A more reliable design for biodiversity study? -- Reply. Nature 394:30.    [1839  Full Text  LTER]

Naeem, S.; Li, S. 1998. Consumer species richness and autotrophic biomass. Ecology 79:2603-2615.    [1840  Full Text  LTER]

Olff, H.; Ritchie, M. E. 1998. Effects of herbivores on grassland plant diversity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13:261-265.    [1734  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Peterson, D. W. 1998. Fire effects on oak savanna and woodland vegetation in Minnesota. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Minnesota.   [1661  E133  CC]

Reich, P. B. 1998. Variation among plant species in leaf turnover rates and associated traits: Implications for growth at all life stages. Pages 467-487 in, H. Lambers, H. Poorter, and M. M. I. Van Vuuren, Eds., Inherent Variation in Plant Growth: Physiological Mechanisms and Ecological Consequences. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.    [1749  Full Text  LTER]

Reich, P. B.; Ellsworth, D. S.; Walters, M. B. 1998. Leaf structure (specific leaf area) regulates photosynthesis–nitrogen relations: evidence from within and across species and functional groups. Functional Ecology 12:948-958.    [1736  Full Text  LTER]

Reich, P. B.; Walters, M. B.; Ellsworth, D. S.; Vose, J.; Volin, J.; Gresham, C.; Bowman, W. 1998. Relationships of leaf dark respiration to leaf N, SLA, and life-spana test across biomes and functional groups. Oecologia 114:471-482.    [1737  Full Text  LTER]

Ritchie, M. E. 1998. Scale-dependent foraging and patch choice in fractal environments. Evolutionary Ecology 12:309-330.    [1676  Abstract  Full Text  LTERCC]

Ritchie, M. E.; Tilman, D.; Knops, J. M. H. 1998. Herbivore effects on plant and nitrogen dynamics in oak savanna. Ecology 79:165-177.    [1677  Abstract  Full Text  E001  LTER]

Schowalter, T. D.; Zhang, Y. L.; Sabin, T. E. 1998. Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of oak Quercus spp. logs after five years of decomposition. Ecography 21:3-10.    [1759  Abstract  Full Text  CC]

Siemann, E. 1998. Experimental tests of effects of plant productivity and diversity on grassland arthropod diversity. Ecology 79:2057-2070.    [1681  Full Text  LTER]

Siemann, E.; Tilman, D.; Haarstad, J.; Ritchie, M. 1998. Experimental tests of the dependence of arthropod diversity on plant diversity. American Naturalist 152:738-750.    [1720  Full Text  E120  LTER]

Symstad, A. J. 1998. Effects of plant diversity on grassland community and ecosystem properties. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Minnesota.    [1758  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Symstad, A. J.; Tilman, D.; Willson, J.; Knops, J. M. H. 1998. Species loss and ecosystem functioning: effects of species identity and community composition. Oikos 81:389-397.    [1689  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1998. The essence and ethics of ecology and conservation. Ecology 79:1118-1119. [Book Review of P. R. Ehrlich, A World of Wounds: Ecologists and the Human Dilemma, Ecology Institute, Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany, 1997.]    [1691  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1998. The greening of the green revolution. Nature 396:211-212.    [1718  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1998. Species composition, species diversity, and ecosystem processes: understanding the impacts of global change. Pages 452-472 in, M. L. Pace and P. M. Groffman, eds., Successes, Limitations, and Frontiers in Ecosystem Science. Springer-Verlag, New York.    [1756  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D.; Lehman, C. L.; Bristow, C. E. 1998. Diversity-stability relationships: statistical inevitability or ecological consequence? The American Naturalist 151:277-282.    [1693  Abstract  Full Text  E001  LTER]

Wedin, D. A.; Craine, J. M. 1998. Book review of T. M. Smith et al. "Plant Functional Types." Ecoscience 5:427-428.   [1748  LTER]

Ackerly, D.; Reich, P. B. 1999. Convergence and correlations among leaf size and function in seed plants: a comparative test using independent contrasts. American Journal of Botany 86:1272-1281.    [1721  Full Text  LTER]

Boone, R. D.; Grigal, D. F.; Sollins, P.; Ahrens, R. J.; Armstrong, D. E. 1999. Soil sampling, preparation, archiving, and quality control. Pages 3-28 in, G. P. Robertson, D. C. Coleman, C. S. Bledsoe, P. Sollins., eds, Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research. Source: Oxford University Press, New York.    [1823  Full Text  LTER]

Craine, J. M.; Berin, D. M.; Reich, P. B.; Tilman, D. G.; Knops, J. M. H. 1999. Measurement of leaf longevity of 14 species of grasses and forbs using a novel approach. New Phytologist 142:475-481.    [1723  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Craine, J. M.; Wedin, D. A.; Chapin~III, F. S. 1999. Predominance of ecophysiological controls on soil CO₂ flux in a Minnesota grassland. Plant and Soil 207:77-86.    [1722  Full Text  LTER]

Davis, M. A.; Wrage, K. J.; Reich, P. B.; Tjoelker, M. G.; Schaeffer, T.; Muermann, C. 1999. Survival, growth, and photosynthesis of tree seedlings competing with herbaceous vegetation along a water-light-nitrogen gradient. Plant Ecology 145:341-350.    [1725  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Frelich, L. E.; Reich, P. B. 1999. Neighborhood effects, disturbance severity, and community stability in forests. Ecosystems 2:151-166.    [1728  Full Text  LTER]

Glass, G. E.; Sorensen, J. A. 1999. Six-year trend (1990-1995) of wet mercury deposition in the Upper Midwest, U.S.A. Environmental Science and Technology 33:3303-3312.    [1778  Full Text  CC]

Grapne, S. A. 1999. Effects of grazing on plant diversity across a productivity gradient: a cross-site study. M.S. Thesis. Utah State University, Logan.   [1766  LTER]

Grigal, D. F.; Bell, J. C.; Ahrens, R. J.; Boone, R. D.; Kelly, E. F.; Monger, H. C.; Sollins, P. 1999. Site and landscape characterization for ecological studies. Pages 29-52 in, G. P. Robertson, C. S. Bledsoe, D. C. Coleman and P. Sollins (eds.), Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, New York.    [1751  Full Text  LTER]

Heidorn, C. 1999. Stable carbon isotopes and soil organic matter dynamics in grasslands. M.S. Thesis, University of Toronto.   [1771  LTER]

Horner, J. D. T. P. Craig; Itami, J. K. 1999. The influence of oviposition phenology on survival in the host races of Eurosta solidaginis. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 93:121-129.    [1829  Full Text  CC]

Jarrell, W. M.; Armstrong, D. E.; Grigal, D. F.; Kelly, E. F.; Monger, H. C.; Wedin, D. A. 1999. Soil water and temperature status. Pages 55-73 in, G. P. Robertson, C. S. Bledsoe, D. C. Coleman and P. Sollins (eds), Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, New York.    [1750  Full Text  LTER]

Knops, J. M. H.; Tilman, D.; Haddad, N. M.; Naeem, S.; Mitchell, C. E.; Haarstad, J.; Ritchie, M. E.; Howe, K. M.; Reich, P. B.; Siemann, E.; Groth, J. 1999. Effects of plant species richness on invasion dynamics, disease outbreaks, insect abundances and diversity. Ecological Letters 2:286-293.    [1731  Full Text  E120  LTER]

Lawson, D.; Inouye, R. S.; Huntly, N.; Carson, W. P. 1999. Patterns of woody plant abundance, recruitment, mortality and growth in a 65 year chronosequence of old-fields. Plant Ecology 145:267-279.    [1732  Full Text  LTER]

Li, M.; Wedin, D. A.; Tieszen, L. L. 1999. C3 and C4 photosynthesis in Cyperus (Cyperaceae) in temperate eastern North America. Canadian Journal of Botany 77:209-218.    [1733  Full Text  LTER]

Naeem, S.; Chapin~III, F. S.; Costanza, R.; Ehrlich, P. R.; Golley, F. B.; Hooper, D. U.; Lawton, J. H.; O'Neill, R. V.; Mooney, H. A.; Sala, O. E.; Symstad, A. J.; Tilman, D. 1999. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Maintaining natural life support processes. Issues in Ecology, No. 4.    [1845  Full Text  LTER]

Naeem, S.; Tjossem, S. F.; Byers, D.; Bristow, C.; Li, S. 1999. Plant neighborhood diversity and production. Ecoscience 6:355-365.    [1779  Full Text  CC]

Peterson, A. G.; Ball, J. T.; Luo, Y.; Field, C. B.; Reich, P. B.; Curtis, P. S.; Griffin, K. L.; Gunderson, C. A.; Norby, R. J.; Tissue, D. T.; Forstreuter, M.; Rey, A.; Vogel, C. S.; (Participants, CMEAL). 1999. The photosynthesis – leaf nitrogen relationship at ambient and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide: a meta-anaysis. Global Change Biology 5:331-346.    [1735  Full Text  LTER]

Pitt, W. C. 1999. Interactions among vertebrate predators and invertebrate prey in a temperate grassland. Ph.D. Thesis. Utah State University, Logan.   [1765  LTER]

Pitt, W. C. 1999. Effects of multiple vertebrate predators on grasshopper habitat selection: trade-offs due to predation risk, foraging, and thermoregulation. Evolutionary Ecology 13(5):499-515.    [1794  Full Text  LTER]

Reich, P. B.; Ellsworth, D. S.; Walters, M. B.; Vose, J. M.; Gresham, C.; Volin, J. C.; Bowman, W. D. 1999. Generality of leaf trait relationships: a test across six biomes. Ecology 80:1955-1969.    [1738  Full Text  LTER]

Reich, P. B.; Turner, D. P.; Bolstad, P. 1999. An approach to spatially-distributed modeling of net primary production (NPP) at the landscape scale and its application in validation of Earth Operating System NPP products. Remote Sensing of Environment 70(1):69-81.    [1739  Full Text  LTER]

Ritchie, M. E.; Olff, H. 1999. Spatial scaling laws yield a synthetic theory of biodiversity. Nature 400:557-560. (Featured on the cover of Nature and highlighted in The Salt Lake Tribue, August 26, 1999, and other media).    [1741  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Ritchie, M. E.; Olff, H. 1999. Herbivore diversity and plant dynamics: compensatory and additive effects. Pages 175-204 in, H. Olff, V. K. Brown, and R. Drent, (eds), Herbivores: Between Plants and Predators. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK.    [1753  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Robertson, G. P.; Wedin, D.; Groffman, P. M.; Blair, J. M.; Holland, E. A.; Nadelhoffer, K. J.; Harris, D. 1999. Soil carbon and nitrogen availability: nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, and soil respiration potentials. Pages 258-288 in, G. P. Robertson, C. S. Bledsoe, D. C. Coleman and P. Sollins (eds), Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, New York.    [1754  Full Text  LTER]

Sage, R. F.; Wedin, D. A.; Li, M. 1999. The biogeography of C4 photosynthesis patterns and controlling factors. Pages 313-373 in, R. F. Sage and R. K. Monson (eds.), The Biology of C4 Photosynthesis. Academic Press.   [1755  LTER]

Siemann, E.; Haarstad, J.; Tilman, D. 1999. Dynamics of plant and arthropod diversity during old field succession. Ecography, 22:406-414.    [1775  Full Text  LTER]

Siemann, E.; Tilman, D.; Haarstad, J. 1999. Abundance, diversity and body size: patterns from a grassland arthropod community. Journal of Animal Ecology 68:824-835.    [1776  Full Text  E014,  E122  LTER]

Smith, V. H.; Tilman, G. D.; Nekola, J. C. 1999. Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental Pollution 100:179-196.    [1758  Abstract  Full Text  E001  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1999. The ecological consequences of changes in biodiversity: a search for general principles. The Robert H. MacArthur Award Lecture. Ecology 80:1455-1474.    [1743  Abstract  Full Text  E120  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1999. Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: The need for sustainable and efficient practices. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:5995-6000.    [1744  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1999. Diversity by default. Science 283:495-496.    [1745  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1999. Reaping the benefits of cropping experiments. Nature 399:14.    [1746  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, D. 1999. Diversity and production in European grasslands. Science 286:1099-1100.    [1763  Abstract  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, E. A.; Tilman, D.; Crawley, M. J.; Johnston, A. E. 1999. Biological weed control via nutrient competition: potassium limitation of dandelions. Ecological Applications 9:103-111.    [1747  Full Text  LTER]

Tilman, G. D.; Duvick, D. N.; Brush, S. B.; Cook, R. J.; Daily, G. C.; Heal, G. M.; Naeem, S.; Notter, D. 1999. Benefits of Biodiversity. Task Force Report No. 133, Council for Agricultural Science and Technology.    [1852  Full Text  LTER]

Wedin, D. A. 1999. Nitrogen availability, plant-soil feedbacks and grassland stability. Pages 193-197 in, D. Eldridge and D. Freudenberger (eds.), People and Rangelands Building the Future. Proceedings of the VI International Rangeland Congress. Townsville, Australia.    [1770  Full Text  LTER]